Even without the Big Bang theory...

Even without the Big Bang theory, evidence from parallax views and Cepheid stars still points towards a universe that is billions of years old. These observations provide independent lines of evidence that support the idea of an old and evolving universe.

Here's how:

  • Parallax views:

By observing how nearby stars appear to shift their position against the background of more distant stars as Earth orbits the Sun (parallax effect), astronomers can measure their distance. Analyzing the distribution of stellar distances within our galaxy and neighboring galaxies reveals populations of stars with different ages, suggesting a long history of star formation and evolution.

  • Cepheid stars:


These pulsating stars have a well-defined relationship between their pulsation period and their luminosity. By measuring the pulsation period of a Cepheid star, astronomers can estimate its brightness. Comparing this estimated brightness to the star's observed brightness reveals its distance. By studying Cepheids in other galaxies, astronomers can estimate their distances and ages, again suggesting a universe with a vast timescale.

While these observations don't directly confirm the Big Bang theory or specific aspects like inflation, they do provide strong evidence for an old and dynamic universe. They show that stars form and die over long periods, galaxies evolve over time, and the universe has been expanding for a significant amount of time.

It's important to note that the Big Bang theory itself is widely accepted and supported by a vast amount of additional evidence, including the cosmic microwave background radiation and the abundance of light elements in the universe. 


However, the independent evidence from parallax views and Cepheid stars serves as a valuable confirmation of the universe's age and reinforces our understanding of its history.

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